[
 {
  "street": "Adelaide Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was formerly called Newgate Street, because the jail was to have been built on it. The present name honors Adelaide, eldest daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and queen consort of William IV.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Admiral Road",
  "origin": "Robertson lists the name as commemorating Admiral Baldwin and gives no further detail.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Asquith Avenue",
  "origin": "Originally Jarvis Street, named for Sheriff William Botsford Jarvis. After Yorkville joined Toronto in 1883 it became Bismarck Avenue, for the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. The name was changed to Asquith Avenue in August 1915 because of heightened anti-German sentiment, honoring the British prime minister H. H. Asquith.",
  "source": "Barbara Myrvold, Toronto Reference Library at 40: The Evolution of Its Site, Part 1, Toronto Public Library blog (October 27, 2017) (https://blogs.tpl.ca/trl/2017/10/toronto-reference-library-at-40-the-evolution-of-its-site-part-1-site-and-street-name-changes/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Avenue Road",
  "origin": "No namesake or event is recorded. Robertson (1894) lists Avenue Road, with Avenue Street, Avenue Lane, and Avenue Place, among the fanciful names given to streets.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Baldwin Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says the street commemorates Dr. William Warren Baldwin, who received a large tract of land in that part of the city under the will of Miss Elizabeth Russell.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bathurst Street",
  "origin": "Named for Earl Bathurst, Secretary for the Colonies in the reign of George IV, according to Robertson (1894) and Scadding (1873). Robertson adds that the part north of Queen Street was long known as Crookshank's Lane. City of Toronto heritage reports call him Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, and place the naming in the 1834 subdivision of Garrison Common.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html); City of Toronto, heritage reports (Queen Street West plan; 89 to 109 Niagara Street)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bay Street",
  "origin": "Scadding (1873) reports that old inhabitants said Bay Street was at first Bear Street, so called from a noted chase given to a bear that made for the water along this route. Robertson (1894) says Bay is said to be a corruption of Bear, from a bear hunt on that thoroughfare. Both give it as tradition, not as a documented fact.",
  "source": "Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html), p. 308; J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bayview Avenue",
  "origin": "Originally East York Avenue. It became known as Bayview after Dr. James Stanley McLean's house, Bay View, overlooking the Don Valley, dated to 1930 in one Wikipedia article and 1931 in another.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 31 to 32 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Belmont Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after the birthplace of John Sheppard, who owned property where Belmont Street is.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Berkeley Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Berkeley Street, which was formerly Parliament Street, was named from a small town in Gloucestershire, England.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Beverley Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Beverley Street and Beverley Terrace recall Sir John Beverley Robinson, whom he describes as Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario from 1880 to 1887. The printed text is ambiguous about which Robinson is meant, so this entry repeats his wording only.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bishop Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Bishop John Strachan, first Anglican bishop of Toronto.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bleecker Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (spelling it Bleeker) says it bears the name of Admiral Bleeker, with no further detail.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bloor Street",
  "origin": "Named for Mr. Bloor, who owned a large tract along the road east of Yonge Street. Scadding (1873) says he was long landlord of the Farmers' Arms inn at York and later opened a large brewery in the ravine north of the road. Robertson (1894) adds that the road had been called St. Paul's Road and then Sydenham Road, and that Bloor and Sheriff W. B. Jarvis laid out the village of Yorkville. A City of Toronto council document gives his first name as Joseph, says he was born in Staffordshire, and dates the renaming of the concession road to 1854.",
  "source": "Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); City of Toronto, council member motion on Joseph Bloor plaques, 2016 (https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/mm/bgrd/backgroundfile-94058.pdf)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Bond Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Bond Street is named after Sir Francis Bond Head.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Borden Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was named by the Denison family after one of their members, without naming the person.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Brock Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Brock Street, Brockton Avenue and Brockton Road take their names from General Sir Isaac Brock, slain at Queenston.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Brunswick Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says the street was on Denison family land and was named by them for the House of Brunswick.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Carlton Street",
  "origin": "Scadding (1873) says Carleton, Gerrard, and Shuter streets took their names from personal friends of John McGill, the first owner of the tract, names mostly tied to the early annals of Montreal. Robertson (1894) says the same for Carlton, Gerrard, Shuter, and Gould streets. Neither names the individual friend behind Carlton.",
  "source": "Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Cecil Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Lord Cecil and does not identify him further.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Chapais Crescent",
  "origin": "Commemorates one of two Fathers of Confederation honored by Chapais and Langevin crescents.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Chapleau Place",
  "origin": "Named after a man who was a premier and lieutenant governor of Quebec.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Christie Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says Christie Street is named for William Christie, a biscuit baker. A competing explanation, reported by Wikipedia from footnotes that could not be read, points to Peter McDougall and his wife Christy on 1835 maps. The origin is therefore not settled.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); competing view reported by Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto (footnotes unreadable)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Church Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it was so named because it ran by the western side of the St. James church plot. A City of Toronto heritage report gives the same explanation, tied to St. James' Church at King and Church streets.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); City of Toronto, heritage report for 119 Church Street"
 },
 {
  "street": "Colborne Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was formerly Market Lane, because it ran to the market, and takes its present name from Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from 1828 to 1836.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "College Street",
  "origin": "Shares its origins with University Avenue as one of the two private entrances to King's College, the institution that became the University of Toronto.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 216 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Collier Street",
  "origin": "Originally James Street, possibly named for Joseph Bloor's father. It became Park Road in 1883, and the western section was later renamed Collier, likely for Francis Collier Draper, the son of William Henry Draper. The source marks both namesakes as probable, not certain.",
  "source": "Barbara Myrvold, Toronto Reference Library at 40: The Evolution of Its Site, Part 1, Toronto Public Library blog (October 27, 2017) (https://blogs.tpl.ca/trl/2017/10/toronto-reference-library-at-40-the-evolution-of-its-site-part-1-site-and-street-name-changes/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Concord Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson calls Concord Avenue an 'eclectic name,' meaning a name chosen without a specific local origin.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Courcelette",
  "origin": "One of several Toronto streets named after battlefields.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Coxwell Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it is named after Mr. Coxwell of Osgoode Hall. Wikipedia, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 65, identifies him as Charles Coxwell Small, a resident of Berkeley House.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); identification from Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould (2000), p. 65"
 },
 {
  "street": "Creek Place",
  "origin": "Named after a buried creek under the lane and another creek close by.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Cumberland Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Cumberland Road and Cumberland Street are named after the birthplace across the sea of the late James Wallace, one of the first councillors of Yorkville.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Cummer Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after Jacob Kummer, a German settler. The road to his mill became linked with the anglicized form of the family name.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Jeanne Hopkins, The Bayview Post (December 1, 1991), and Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 67 to 68 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dalhousie Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Lord Dalhousie.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Danforth Avenue",
  "origin": "The avenue shares its name with Asa Danforth, an American contractor hired in 1799 to open a road east from York toward the Trent River. Sources disagree on the link: the Broadview Danforth BIA says the avenue was named after him, while the historian Barbara Myrvold states that he had nothing to do with the avenue's construction.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Danforth Historic Context Statement; J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) lists Danforth Avenue among streets of uncertain or unknown derivation; Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html) describes Asa Danforth's 1799 contract for the road to the Bay of Quinte, still known as the Danforth Road"
 },
 {
  "street": "Davenport Road",
  "origin": "Named for Davenport, the home of Colonel Wells, formerly of the 43rd Regiment, according to Robertson (1894) and Scadding (1873). The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says Joseph Wells bought the 200-acre Davenport estate from the McGill family in 1821. Other suggested namesakes are not supported by a source read for this list.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Wells, Joseph (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wells_joseph_8E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dieppe",
  "origin": "One of several Toronto streets named after battlefields.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ditty Lane",
  "origin": "Named by City Council in 2012 to recall the 19th century Ditty Hotel at Church and Richmond streets, which was named after its proprietor, Ann Ditty.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, heritage report for 119 Church Street"
 },
 {
  "street": "Don Mills Road",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it is so called because it leads to the mills on the Don. Scadding (1873) quotes an 1802 road order running from the Bay Road to the Don Mills.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dovercourt Road",
  "origin": "Robertson says the road runs through property belonging to the Denison estate and was named by that family in honor of their English home.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Draper Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Chief Justice Draper.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Duchess Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it honors the Duchess of York, eldest daughter of the King of Prussia. He says the name was first applied to the modern Duke Street and later transferred to the present Duchess Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dufferin Street",
  "origin": "Named for Frederick Temple Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin, appointed Governor General of Canada in 1872, according to Robertson (1894). The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says his term as governor general expired in 1878.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Blackwood, Frederick Temple (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/blackwood_frederick_temple_13E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Duke Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says what is now Duke Street was originally Duchess Street and the change was made at an early date. The name complimented the Duke of York, son of George III, after whom the town itself was named.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dundas Street",
  "origin": "The City of Toronto calls it a commemorative name for Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (1742 to 1811), a minister under Prime Minister William Pitt. Council voted in July 2021 to rename the street, and in December 2023 it paused that work until further direction.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Renaming Dundas Street (https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/get-involved/community/recognition-review/renaming-dundas-street/); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) says Dundas Street has its name from Henry Dundas, Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1794, and that the name was first given to what is now Queen Street"
 },
 {
  "street": "Dupont Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says Dupont Avenue is named after George Dupont Wells, and that Wells Street is named for him as well. The Wells family owned the nearby Davenport estate.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Wells, Joseph (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wells_joseph_8E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Eglinton Avenue",
  "origin": "Named for the small farming village of Eglinton in York County, an agricultural hub settled in the early 1800s, according to Heritage Toronto. Scadding (1873) calls the village name a memorial of the Eglinton Tournament held in Ayrshire in 1839. Other explanations exist, so the origin of the village name is not settled.",
  "source": "Heritage Toronto (https://www.heritagetoronto.org/explore/little-jamaica-toronto-history/community-history-transition/); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html), p. 437"
 },
 {
  "street": "Elgin Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it commemorates James Bruce, Earl of Elgin, Governor of Canada from 1847 to 1854.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Elizabeth Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Elizabeth Russell, sister of President Peter Russell.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ellesmere Road",
  "origin": "Named after the village of Ellesmere, a post-office village at Kennedy Road. The page dates its post office to 1853.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Mike Filey (1994), pp. 71 to 72, and Scarborough Historical Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Elm Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is so called because a solitary elm tree was long conspicuous at the point where the street starts from Yonge Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Emdaabiimok Avenue",
  "origin": "A name chosen to reflect the history of the community and its surroundings and to promote Anishinaabe culture. It replaced the name of Lower Coxwell Avenue between Queen Street East and Lake Shore Boulevard East.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Esplanade",
  "origin": "Robertson defines an esplanade as a clear flat surface. He says the Toronto Esplanade corresponds to some extent with the Thames Embankment in London and has given the city a new front.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Euclid Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Euclid of Alexandria, celebrated as the father of mathematics.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Evangeline Court",
  "origin": "Honors the legendary Acadian of the same name.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Finch Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after John Finch, a hotel owner whose hotel stood at the corner of Finch Avenue and Yonge Street. The list of east-west roads says he bought the Bird-in-the-Hand Inn in 1847.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 90 to 91; also City of Toronto, A Glimpse of Toronto's History (2001), as cited by Wikipedia, Finch Avenue (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Flax Field Lane",
  "origin": "Named after crops grown in the 1800s to make linen for covering First World War airplane wings.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Frederick Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was named at the laying out of the town after Frederick, Duke of York.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Front Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was named because it skirted the bay front when laid out. The eastern part was originally King Street (for George III), later called Palace Street because it led to the Parliament House. When Front Street was laid out it was joined to Palace Street and the united streets took the name Front Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Gala Lane",
  "origin": "Named after a variety of apple grown in Ontario.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "George Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was named at the original laying out of the town in 1793 after George, Prince of Wales, and was the original western boundary of the town.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Gerrard Street",
  "origin": "Scadding (1873) and Robertson (1894) say Gerrard Street was named, with Carlton and Shuter streets, for a Montreal friend of John McGill, who first owned the tract. Neither gives a first name. The usual identification is Samuel Gerrard (1767 to 1857), a Montreal fur trader and businessman, but the sources read do not state that link.",
  "source": "Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Gerrard, Samuel (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gerrard_samuel_8E.html) (profile only; it does not mention the street)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Givens Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it bears the name of Colonel James Givens, an aide to Governor Simcoe and owner of the park lot the street passes through.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Gladstone Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it bears the name of William Ewart Gladstone.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Gould Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Carlton, Gerrard, Shuter and Gould streets took their names from Montreal friends of Colonel McGill, the first owners of the tract. He does not name the friends.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Harbord Street",
  "origin": "Uncertain. Robertson (1894) lists Harbord Street among the streets whose derivation is uncertain or unknown. Later suggestions of a link to Charles Harbord, 5th Baron Suffield have no source read for this list.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Hazelton Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it was named by George White, a landholder of the section, in honor of his wife, nee Miss Hazelton.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Huron Street",
  "origin": "Named for the Huron tribe and the lake of that name, according to Robertson (1894). The Canadian Encyclopedia notes that Huron is the French name for the Wendat.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Jameson Avenue",
  "origin": "Named for Robert Sympson Jameson, Vice-Chancellor of Upper Canada and husband of the writer Anna Jameson, according to Robertson (1894). The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says he became attorney general of Upper Canada in 1833 and vice-chancellor in 1837.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Jameson, Robert Sympson (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/jameson_robert_sympson_8E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Jarvis Street",
  "origin": "The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says Samuel Peters Jarvis had his park lot subdivided in 1845, and that his house Hazelburn was torn down to make way for the street that still bears his name. A City of Toronto report describes the street as named for the Jarvis family.",
  "source": "Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Jarvis, Samuel Peters (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/jarvis_samuel_peters_8E.html); City of Toronto; J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) says Jarvis Street was originally New Street, then Nelson Street, and now bears the name of Samuel P. Jarvis"
 },
 {
  "street": "Jean Lumb Lane",
  "origin": "Named after a Chinese Canadian woman who lobbied against racist immigration laws.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "John Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it bears one of the Christian names of John Graves Simcoe, first Governor of Upper Canada.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Jordan Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it preserves the Christian name of Jordan Post, once owner of the whole frontage from Bay Street to Yonge Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Keele Street",
  "origin": "Named for William Keele. The list of north-south roads calls him a lawyer, while another Wikipedia article calls William Conway Keele a local businessman and farmer.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 124 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Kent Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it bears the royal name of the Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria, who on a visit to York early in the century was lodged near where the street now passes.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ketchum Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it keeps in memory Jesse Ketchum, an early tanner of York and a liberal patron of religious, educational and temperance causes.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "King Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says King Street was originally Duke Street, for the Duke of York, and was renamed in honor of his father, George III. Scadding (1873) says that at the laying out of York the name King Street went first to the town's Front Street, and the modern King Street was then Duke Street. Robertson also says the eastern part of Front Street was originally King Street, for George III.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Kipling Avenue",
  "origin": "Rumored, but not proven, to honor the writer Rudyard Kipling, tied to a planned 1907 visit to Woodbridge that he cancelled. The page also says the name may have been given earlier for a local farmer, a claim marked as needing a citation.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 128 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Laird Drive",
  "origin": "The source calls the origin disputed. One theory points to Robert Borden, and another to a man named Alexander Laird.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 128 to 129, and two other footnotes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Langevin Crescent",
  "origin": "Commemorates one of two Fathers of Confederation honored by Chapais and Langevin crescents.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Lansdowne Avenue",
  "origin": "Named for Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Lord Lansdowne, Governor General of Canada from 1883 to 1888, according to Robertson (1894). The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says he was formally appointed governor general in August 1883.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Petty-Fitzmaurice, Henry Charles Keith (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/petty_fitzmaurice_henry_charles_keith_15E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Lawrence Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after the Lawrence family. A separate Wikipedia article names Jacob Lawrence, a tanner and farmer in the area.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 132; also Wikipedia, Lawrence Avenue (Toronto) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Leslie Street",
  "origin": "Named for George Leslie, a nurseryman, according to Robertson (1894).",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Lippincott Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after a family of Lippincotts connected with the Denisons.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Lisgar Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Lord Lisgar.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Lombard Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it now bears the name of the financial street of London. It was at first March Street, from the Earl of March (second title of the Duke of Richmond), and that name was displaced by Stanley, for Lord Stanley, the Colonial Minister of the day.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Maitland Place",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from 1818 to 1828.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Major Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Major Place and Major Street bear the name of John Major, a bank official.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Markham Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Markham Street and Markham Place are named after Captain Markham of the 32nd Regiment.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "McCaul Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Dr. McCaul, a professor in the University.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "McCowan Road",
  "origin": "Named for the McCowan family. The mccowan.org guide to historic sites in Scarborough Heights says it is named for the Robert McCowan family, who farmed part of lot 22, concession C, near Kingston Road for almost 100 years, and records the James McCowan family settlement of 1833 on lot 20.",
  "source": "mccowan.org, Historic Sites in Scarborough Heights (https://mccowan.org/historic.htm)"
 },
 {
  "street": "McGill Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it bears the name of Colonel John McGill, an early resident of York who owned the park lot through which it passed.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Mercer Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it derives its name from Adam Mercer, whose property reverted to the Crown at his death.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Mill Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is so called because it was beside the Gooderham and Worts mill.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Mississauga Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it preserves the memory of the tribes that once inhabited the Toronto locality, and notes that the name is spelled variously, including Mississaga and Mississague.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Mount Pleasant Road",
  "origin": "Named after Mount Pleasant Cemetery, through which it passes.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, Mount Pleasant Road, citing Wise and Gould (2000), p. 152 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_Road)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Mutual Street",
  "origin": "Robertson lists Mutual Street and Myrtle Avenue as names chosen and applied to the streets, with no personal or local origin given.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Nathan Phillips Square",
  "origin": "Named in honor of Nathan Phillips, mayor of Toronto, to recognize his advocacy of the City Hall project. The City says the square was named for him before construction began in 1961.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, A Step Forward in Time: Sod Turning (https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-local-government/a-step-forward-in-time-torontos-new-city-hall/a-step-forward-in-time-sod-turning/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ontario Street",
  "origin": "Robertson calls Ontario Street and Ontario Place names of self-evident derivation.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ossington Avenue",
  "origin": "Named for the estate of the Denison family, which Wikipedia describes as their ancestral Nottingham home.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Robson (1987), The Origins of Street Names in Toronto's Ward 5, p. 7 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Palmerston Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says Muter Street was changed to Palmerston Avenue in honor of Lord Palmerston. Muter Street had been named after Colonel Muter.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Pape Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it is named after the late Mr. Pape, a gardener.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Park Road",
  "origin": "James Street in Yorkville became Park Road in 1883 because it linked up with Park Road in Rosedale. Gwynne Street was renamed Park Road in 1896 for the same reason, because it linked to Bloor Street.",
  "source": "Barbara Myrvold, Toronto Reference Library at 40: The Evolution of Its Site, Part 1, Toronto Public Library blog (October 27, 2017) (https://blogs.tpl.ca/trl/2017/10/toronto-reference-library-at-40-the-evolution-of-its-site-part-1-site-and-street-name-changes/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Parliament Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says the name was formerly applied to the southern part of the present Berkeley Street because it ran to the first Parliament buildings, and was later transferred to the next street opened to the eastward.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Peter Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is a memento of Peter Russell, President of the Province.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Portage",
  "origin": "One of three Toronto streets named after French-sounding Canadian rivers (Portage, Rideau, and Rouge).",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Princess Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is a corruption of Princes Street, originally named in honor of the Dukes of Clarence, Kent, Cumberland, Sussex and Cambridge, sons of George III.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Queen Street",
  "origin": "Originally Lot Street, since it formed the southern boundary of the park lots. Robertson (1894) says Simcoe's plan first named it Dundas Street, that it was afterwards called Lot Street, and that it was later changed to Queen Street in honor of Queen Victoria. The City's Queen Street West heritage district plan places the renaming in the 1840s, and Scadding (1873) notes that an 1833 directory still called it Lot Street.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Queen Street West Heritage Conservation District Plan (https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2007/te/bgrd/backgroundfile-5172.pdf); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Railway Lane",
  "origin": "Recognizes the location of the lane, which runs along a railway corridor.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Richmond Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it was long known as Hospital Street because a plot had been set apart on it for a hospital, and took its present name to honor Charles Gordon Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, Governor General of Canada. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says he was appointed governor-in-chief of British North America in 1818.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Lennox, Charles, 4th Duke of Richmond (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lennox_charles_richmond_5E.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Rideau",
  "origin": "One of three Toronto streets named after French-sounding Canadian rivers (Portage, Rideau, and Rouge).",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Robert Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Robert Street and Robert Place are named after Colonel Robert Denison.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Roncesvalles Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after the Battle of Roncesvalles, which took place in Spain in 1813.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Rosedale Road",
  "origin": "Robertson says it takes its name from Rosedale, the residence of Sheriff W. B. Jarvis, who with Mr. Bloor projected and laid out the village of Yorkville, which narrowly escaped being called Bloorville. Rosedale and Cumberland were also suggested before Yorkville was chosen.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Rouge",
  "origin": "One of three Toronto streets named after French-sounding Canadian rivers (Portage, Rideau, and Rouge).",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Runnymede Road",
  "origin": "Named for the house of John Scarlett.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of north-south roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), p. 179 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Rusholme Road",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named from Rusholme, the family residence of one of the branches of the Denison family.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Russell Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Russell Street and Russell Place are named from Peter Russell, President of the Province.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sackville Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is named after Sackville Street in Dublin, and was formerly Pine Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sankofa Square",
  "origin": "Formerly Yonge-Dundas Square. On December 14, 2023, the City of Toronto announced that Council had adopted Sankofa Square as the new name. The City describes the concept of Sankofa, which originates in Ghana, as reflecting on and reclaiming teachings from the past. Council also paused work on renaming Dundas Street.",
  "source": "City of Toronto news release, December 14, 2023 (https://www.toronto.ca/news/toronto-city-council-approves-sankofa-square-as-new-name-for-yonge-dundas-square-and-initiates-plans-to-rename-other-city-assets-that-include-the-name-dundas/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Scadding Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says Scadding Street commemorates the Scadding family, whose senior member came to York with Simcoe and settled just east of the Don, and whose son was the Rev. Dr. Henry Scadding, historian of York and Toronto.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Seaton Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it preserves the title of John Colborne, Field Marshal Lord Seaton.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Shaw Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it preserves the name of Major-General Aeneas Shaw, original possessor of the park lot through which the street was laid out.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sheppard Avenue",
  "origin": "Originally the Lansing Sideroad, it is named after one of two families who lived beside its intersection with Yonge Street. The source names Tom Shepherd (or Sheppard) first.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 192 to 193 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sherbourne Street",
  "origin": "Created in 1845 when Thomas Gibbs Ridout and William Allan agreed to widen Allan's lane. The new street was named Sherborne Street after Ridout's home town, and the spelling later changed to Sherbourne.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Cabbagetown Southwest Heritage Conservation District Study (2019); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) also says it commemorates the Dorsetshire home of the Ridouts and was first named for Caroline, Princess of Wales"
 },
 {
  "street": "Shuter Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Carlton, Gerrard, Shuter and Gould streets took their names from Montreal friends of Colonel McGill, the first owners of the tract. He does not name the friends.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Simcoe Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Simcoe Street and Simcoe Terrace are named after Lieutenant-General John Graves Simcoe, first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. The lower part was formerly Graves Street and the upper part William Street.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sorauren Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it is a Spanish name given to the street by Colonel O'Hara.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Spadina Avenue",
  "origin": "From the Ojibwe word ishpadinaa, meaning high hill or ridge. The road up the hill was called Spadina before the avenue existed, and the name is tied to Dr. William Baldwin's house Spadina, which the Dictionary of Canadian Biography says took an Indian word for hill.",
  "source": "The Canadian Encyclopedia, Indigenous Names of Streets in Canada (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-names-of-streets-in-canada); Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Baldwin, William Warren (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/baldwin_william_warren_7E.html); City of Toronto, Spadina Museum (https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/museums/spadina-museum/); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) says Dr. W. W. Baldwin of Spadina House laid out the street and that the word means an elevation of land"
 },
 {
  "street": "St. Clair Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after Augustine St. Clare, a character in the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, according to a family account of the Grainger brothers, who posted a joke sign near Yonge Street. The spelling St. Clair came from a theater program.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, St. Clair Avenue, citing Mike Filey, Toronto Sketches 7 (2003), p. 155, and yongestclair.ca (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Clair_Avenue)"
 },
 {
  "street": "St. George Street",
  "origin": "Disputed. Robertson (1894) lists St. George Street among streets named for saints. Wikipedia, citing Toronto Life (2007), says it honors Quetton St. George, a French Royalist officer who settled at York. Scadding (1873) and the Dictionary of Canadian Biography describe Quetton St. George but do not say the street is named for him.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html), p. 188; Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Quetton St George, Laurent (https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/quetton_st_george_laurent_6E.html); competing view from Wikipedia, St. George Street (Toronto), citing Toronto Life"
 },
 {
  "street": "Stanley G Grizzle Lane",
  "origin": "Named after an influential Black leader in the Canadian labour movement, who was one of the first African Canadians to run in an Ontario election.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, Street Naming (https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/street-naming/)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Steeles Avenue",
  "origin": "Named after Thomas Steele, who lived at what is now Yonge Street and Steeles Avenue from 1856 and was the first proprietor of the Green Bush Inn there. The name once carried an apostrophe, which was dropped by the mid 20th century.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, List of east-west roads in Toronto, citing Wise and Gould, Toronto Street Names (2000), pp. 200 to 201; also Wikipedia, Steeles Avenue (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Strachan Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it preserves the name of the Rev. Dr. John Strachan, first Anglican bishop of Toronto.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sumach Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says it runs through what was formerly a region of sumacs.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Summerhill Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson says it comes from a residence of that name built by Charles Thomson, whose name he associates with the former travel and postal service along Yonge Street and the upper lakes.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Sydenham Street",
  "origin": "Robertson says Sydenham Street and Sydenham Lane are called after Sir Charles Poulett Thomson, Baron Sydenham, who lived for a time in Toronto while Governor-General of the Canadas in 1839-40.",
  "source": "John Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), chapter 'Street Nomenclature,' pp. 517-528 (https://archive.org/details/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Tecumseth Street",
  "origin": "Named for Tecumseh (spelled Tecumseth on the street sign), the Shawnee chief who was an ally of Brock, according to a City of Toronto heritage report, which places the naming in the 1834 subdivision of Garrison Common. Robertson (1894) says the street is named after the celebrated Indian chief Tecumseth.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, heritage report for 89 to 109 Niagara Street; J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "University Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says the ground was a gift of Sir John Robinson, who called it Park Lane. The name was changed to University Street because it runs to the University, which Robertson notes is confusing beside the parallel College Avenue. Scadding (1873) calls the change to University Street uncalled for.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt); Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old (Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, 1873), Project Gutenberg (https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35225/pg35225-images.html)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Victoria Park Avenue",
  "origin": "Took its name from the Victoria Park amusement park that operated south of Queen Street from 1878 until 1906.",
  "source": "Wikipedia, Victoria Park Avenue, citing Mike Filey, Toronto: The Way We Were (2008), p. 44 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Park_Avenue)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Vimy",
  "origin": "One of several Toronto streets named after battlefields.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Wellesley Street",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says the Wellesley street names combine the name and title of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Wellington Street",
  "origin": "Named for Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon. The name was given when part of Garrison Common near Fort York was subdivided in 1834.",
  "source": "City of Toronto, heritage report for 89 to 109 Niagara Street; J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) says Wellington Street was formerly Market Street"
 },
 {
  "street": "Woodbine Avenue",
  "origin": "Robertson (1894) says it is so called because it runs by the Woodbine race course.",
  "source": "J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (Toronto, 1894), chapter 177, Street Nomenclature, pp. 517 to 528 (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt)"
 },
 {
  "street": "Yonge Street",
  "origin": "Named by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe for Sir George Yonge, the British Secretary for War. The Ontario Heritage Trust gives the completion date as February 16, 1796, while The Canadian Encyclopedia says completion was announced on February 20, 1796.",
  "source": "Ontario Heritage Trust plaque (https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/plaques/yonge-street); The Canadian Encyclopedia, Yonge Street: Governor Simcoe's military road (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/yonge-street-governor-simcoes-military-road-feature); J. Ross Robertson, Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto, vol. 1 (1894), Street Nomenclature (https://archive.org/stream/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft/landmarkstoronto01robeuoft_djvu.txt) calls Sir George Yonge Secretary of War in 1791"
 },
 {
  "street": "Ypres",
  "origin": "One of several Toronto streets named after battlefields.",
  "source": "Paul-Francois Sylvestre, Toronto and French Place Names, The Canadian Encyclopedia (2014) (https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-and-french-place-names)"
 }
]